Phase 1 : Reconnaissance : Gathering information about system actively or passively. Also termed as Footprinting.
Phase 2 : Scanning : Advancement to Footprinting. Involves port scanning, vulnerability scanner. Gathering more information of system or victim machine
Phase 3 : Gaining Access : Also called hacking into the system. With involvement of various tools and techniques Penetration Tester gets into system, or controls the system then can extract/copy data, files or even destroy them.
Phase 4 : Maintaining Access : You're into the system ? Now maintain access to that. In order to maintain access, attacker should not be detected.
Phase 5 : Covering Tracks : Where you came from, what you used, how you did, when you did it ? All this should be cleared or covered.
Well, these are 5 phases, that must be attached to your brain at first place for becoming CEH. Read it, save it, write it. You can answer A B C D E ....to Z easily right ? So, remember these 5 phases that way :)
Phases, here, are not explained in detail. So, you must search more about these phases. Below, I've given 1 best resource link to these phases.
http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/it-security/the-five-phases-of-a-successful-network-penetration/
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